# Colophon and bibliography

> How the timeline is sourced: method, the AI-illustration statement, 33 period image credits and all 211 cited sources.

Canonical page: https://lineageofshadows.com/colophon/

## Method

Every date, fact, setting and influence link on this site carries at least one source id, and the build fails if an id does not resolve to the bibliography. Dates keep the precision their sources prove: a year, a month or a day. Each quotation was checked against the Project Gutenberg text named beside it (double hyphens in the Gutenberg files are set as dashes). Ages and overlaps are computed from the sourced dates.

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## Illustrations

The large atmospheric "Nocturne plates" are illustrations generated by AI in 2026 (Higgsfield, model gpt_image_2_5) from written prompts, and are labelled as AI-generated. They are imagined scenes from the fiction. Some show real places (Whitby, Westminster and the Thames, the Paris Opéra, Dartmoor), imagined rather than documented, and none depicts a real person. They are never presented as period art. Period images are public-domain scans from Wikimedia Commons, credited one by one.

## Period image credits

- Title page, 1818 first edition vol. 1. Mary Shelley (1797-1851); Lackington et al., 1818. PD-old-auto-expired; PD-US-expired-text. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frankenstein_1818_edition_title_page.jpg
- Constable first edition cover (yellow cloth). Archibald Constable & Co; image British Library, 1897. PD-art-category; PD-US-expired-text. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dracula-First-Edition-1897.jpg
- Strand Magazine cover vol.2 no.7, July 1891 (Scandal in Bohemia issue). Strand Magazine; Toronto Public Library scan, 1891-07. PD-1923; PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Strand_Magazine_(cover),_Vol._2,_No._7,_July_1891.jpg
- The hound, book p.204 (Strand 1901-02 / Newnes 1902). Sidney Paget (1860-1908), 1901-12. PD-old-auto-expired; PD-old-X-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Houn-34_-_Hound_of_Baskervilles,_page_204.jpg
- Title page, Great God Pan & Inmost Light (Keynotes Series, Bodley Head). Aubrey Beardsley (1872-1898), 1894. PD-Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Great_God_Pan_Title_Page.jpg
- Lippincott's Monthly Magazine July 1890 cover. Anonymous (J. B. Lippincott), 1890-07. PD-anon-expired; PD-US-expired-max-year. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lippincott_doriangray.jpg
- Longmans 1886 shilling paper cover/title. Longmans, Green & Co, 1886-06. PD-US. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strange_Case_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde_001.jpg
- Title page The Vampyre, 1819. John Polidori (1795-1821), 1819. PD-old. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vampyre_title_page_1819.jpg
- Varney the Vampire; or, The Feast of Blood, penny-part title illustration. Anon., 1845. PD-old-70-expired; PD-old-70-1923. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varney_the_Vampire_or_the_Feast_of_Blood.jpg
- Carmilla, The Dark Blue 1872. D. H. Friston (1820-1906), 1872. PD-old-auto-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friston,_Carmilla_(Laura_in_bed).jpg
- Title page, 1765 (2nd) edition naming Walpole. Horace Walpole (1717-1797), 1765. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Castle_of_Otranto_title_page.jpg
- Frontispiece, 4th edition 1799 (Commons title says 1794). Unknown, 1799. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Mysteries_of_Udolpho_(1794).png
- Title page The Monk, 1796. Matthew Lewis (1775-1818), 1796. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Monk_title_page.jpg
- Fall of the House of Usher, Tales of Mystery & Imagination. Harry Clarke (1889-1931), 1919 (Commons says 1923). PD-Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harry_Clarke_The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Usher.jpg
- Rue Morgue illustration. John Byam Shaw (1872-1919), c.1909. PD-old-100-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poe_rue_morgue_byam_shaw.JPG
- Title page, 1847 first edition. Currer Bell / Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), 1847. PD-old. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jane_Eyre_title_page.jpg
- Title page, 1847 first edition (Houghton). Emily Bronte (1818-1848), 1847. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Houghton_Lowell_1238.5_(A)_-_Wuthering_Heights,_1847.jpg
- Fred Walker poster for The Woman in White (1871 stage adaptation). Fred Walker (1840-1875), 1871 (Commons field says 1896, probably print date). PD-US. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PP_D205_poster_by_fred_walker_for_the_woman_in_white.jpg
- The Moonstone first edition. Wilkie Collins (1824-1889), 1868. PD-art-category; PD-Scan. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Moonstone_1st_ed.jpg
- Title page, Heinemann 1895. H. G. Wells (1866-1946), 1895. PD-old-auto-expired; PD-US-expired-text. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Time_Machine_(H._G._Wells,_William_Heinemann,_1895)_title_page.jpg
- Goble illustration, Pearson's 1897. Warwick Goble (1862-1943), 1897. PD-old-auto-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_War_of_the_Worlds_by_Warwick_Goble_36.jpg
- Pearson 1897 cover. Unknown, 1897. PD-old-70-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wells_-_The_Invisible_Man_-_Pearson_cover_1897.jpg
- Frontispiece, Heinemann 1896. C. R. Ashbee (1863-1942), 1896. PD-Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Island_of_Doctor_Moreau_-_Charles_Robert_Ashbee.jpg
- Collier's Weekly 27 Jan 1898 illustration. John La Farge (1835-1910), 1898-01-27. PD-US-1923; PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The-Turn-of-the-Screw-LaFarge.jpg
- Blackwood's Magazine cover (Feb 1899 per Commons). William Blackwood & Sons, 1899-02. PD-US-1923; PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blackwood's_Magazine_-_1899_cover.jpg
- 'She staggered swooning', 1911 ed.. Andre Castaigne (1861-1929), 1911. PD-old-70-expired; PD-old-70-1923. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9_Castaigne_-_The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_-_She_staggered_swooning.jpg
- Skeffington 1897 front cover. Unknown, 1897. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Front_Cover_for_The_Beetle-_A_Mystery_by_Richard_Marsh.jpg
- Mary Shelley, NPG 1235. Richard Rothwell (1800-1868), c.1840. PD-Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Rothwell_(1800-1868)_-_Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_-_NPG_1235_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg
- Wilde, New York. Napoleon Sarony (1821-1896), 1882. PD-old-auto-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oscar_Wilde_by_Sarony_1882_01.jpg
- Stoker. W. & D. Downey, 1906. PD-old. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bram_Stoker1.jpg
- Conan Doyle. Herbert Rose Barraud (1845-1896), 1890. PD-old-70-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle_1890.jpg
- Poe daguerreotype (Brady). Mathew Brady (c.1822-1896), before 1849. PD-US-expired. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edgar_Allan_Poe_by_Brady.png
- Charlotte Bronte, chalk portrait. George Richmond (1809-1896), 1850. PD-Art. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_by_George_Richmond,_1850.png

## Bibliography

- The New Monthly Magazine, No. 63, Vol. XI, dated April 1, 1819 (issue scan; prints 'The Vampyre; a Tale by Lord Byron'). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm). https://archive.org/details/sim_new-monthly-magazine_1819-04-01_11_63 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The New Monthly Magazine, No. 64, Vol. XI, dated May 1, 1819 (issue scan; prints Polidori's letter disclaiming the tale). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm). https://archive.org/details/sim_new-monthly-magazine_1819-05-01_11_64 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Collier's: The National Weekly, 27 January 1898, Vol. 20 Iss. 17 (issue scan; opens 'The Turn of the Screw' Part First, drawn by John La Farge). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm). https://archive.org/details/sim_colliers-the-national-weekly_1898-01-27_20_17 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900: Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan. Wikisource (transcription of the DNB). https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Le_Fanu,_Joseph_Sheridan (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900: Brontë, Charlotte. Wikisource (transcription of the DNB). https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Brontë,_Charlotte (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement: Collins, William Wilkie. Wikisource (transcription of the DNB). https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1901_supplement/Collins,_William_Wilkie (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Emily Brontë (biography). Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/emily-bronte (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Emily Brontë (biography). Academy of American Poets (poets.org). https://poets.org/poet/emily-bronte (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Marsh, Richard (writer), MS 2051. University of Reading Special Collections. https://collections.reading.ac.uk/special-collections/?p=8575 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Bastille (historical prison, Paris). Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastille (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The French Revolution (education resource). The National Archives (UK). https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/french-revolution/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- London Underground. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/London-Underground (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 28 décembre 1895: première séance publique et payante (Le Cerveau à tous les niveaux). McGill University. https://lecerveau.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/articles_pdf/premiere_seance.pdf (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 28 décembre 1895: première séance publique du 7e Art. Herodote.net. https://www.herodote.net/28_decembre_1895-evenement-18951228.php (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Heath and Hampstead Society: the police on the Heath (Metropolitan Police patrols first took to the streets on 29 September 1829). Heath & Hampstead Society. https://www.heathandhampstead.org.uk/?p=986 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Sir Robert Peel (Peel's police began to patrol London on 29 September 1829). Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/SirRobertPeel.htm (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Degeneration, by Max Nordau, translated from the second edition of the German work, fifth edition (New York: D. Appleton, 1895; scan). Internet Archive (Harvard Medical School copy). https://archive.org/details/degeneration1895nord (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dracula (catalogue record noting original imprint: Westminster: Archibald Constable, 1897). National Library of Ireland. https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000508908 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dracula first edition in the Rare Books Collection (published 1897 by Archibald Constable and Company). University at Buffalo Libraries. https://library.buffalo.edu/news/stories/2016/10/dracula.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- An account of the galvanic experiments performed by John Aldini on the body of a malefactor executed at Newgate Jan. 17, 1803. Wellcome Collection. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/snj9fpjt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 1803: George Foster, and thence to the reanimator. Executed Today. https://www.executedtoday.com/?p=2111 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Burke and Hare: The Anatomy Murderers of Edinburgh. The Line Up. https://the-line-up.com/burke-and-hare-murders (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Burke and Hare material. Wellcome Collection. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/abh7rnua (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The foundation of the Metropolitan Police. The National Archives (UK). http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/teaching-resources/foundation-of-the-metropolitan-police/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Bobbies and Peelers: The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Adam Matthew Digital. https://www.amdigital.co.uk/about/blog/item/bobbies-and-peelers (accessed 2026-10-09)
- This month in history: The death of Queen Victoria and accession of Edward VII. The London Gazette. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/103883 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Victoria (r. 1837-1901). The Royal Family (royal.uk). https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/victoria-r-1837-1901 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Succession to the Crown: King Edward VII. The London Gazette. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/104132 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Crystal Palace. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Crystal-Palace-building-London (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The opening of the Great Exhibition 1851. Royal Collection Trust. https://albert.rct.uk/explore/themes/great-exhibition-of-1851/the-opening-of-the-great-exhibition-1851 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Divorce research guide. The National Archives (UK). https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research%20-guides/divorce/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Relationships: Key dates. UK Parliament. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/keydates/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Great Stink of 1858. London Museum. https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/great-stink-of-1858/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Metropolis Local Management Act Amendment Bill, Hansard 19 July 1858. UK Parliament (Historic Hansard). https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1858/jul/19/metropolis-local-management-act (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The wicked book: Origin published. Darwin Correspondence Project. https://darwinproject.ac.uk/wicked-book-origin-157 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Letter DCP-LETT-2541 (annotation on publication date). Darwin Correspondence Project. https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/view/letters/DCP-LETT-2541 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Scramble for Africa. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Scramble-for-Africa (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Congo Free State. US Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/countries/congo-free-state (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 1885 Labouchere Amendment. UK Parliament Living Heritage. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/sexual-offences-act-1967/1885-labouchere-amendment/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The history of LGBTQ+ rights in Britain, source 5c. The National Archives (UK). https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-history-of-lgbtq-rights-in-britain/the-history-of-lgbtq-rights-in-britain-source-5c/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Who were Jack the Ripper's victims?. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/question/Who-were-Jack-the-Rippers-victims (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Jack the Ripper. London Museum. https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/jack-ripper/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The life and court trials of Oscar Wilde. The National Archives (UK). https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/explore-by-topic/identity-and-community/the-life-and-court-trials-of-oscar-wilde/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Argus, 27 May 1895 (trial report). Wilde in the Antipodes, SFU. https://wilde.dhil.lib.sfu.ca/ata_214.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 (biographical and perspectives). NobelPrize.org. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/perspectives/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Father and Son Jointly Announced the Discovery of Röntgen Rays in Two Consecutive Press Articles, Revisited. PubMed Central. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818045/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Photograph of a radiograph of hand taken by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, 1895. Science Museum Group. https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co134691/photograph-of-a-radiograph-of-hand-taken-bywilhelm (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The First Public Commercial Screening of Films. History of Information. https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2032 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 125 years ago, the first public cinema screening in France was held. Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2020/12/29/125-years-ago-the-first-public-cinema-screening-in-france-was-held/1935643 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Diamond Jubilee, June-July 1897: Arrival of the Queen at St Paul's Cathedral, 22 June. Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/stories/royal-jubilees/the-diamond-jubilee-june-july-1897-arrival-of-the-queen-at-st-pauls-cathedral-22-june (accessed 2026-10-09)
- A history of Jubilees. The Royal Family (royal.uk). https://www.royal.uk/history-jubilees (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Castle of Otranto (Gutenberg ebook 696; includes Walpole's Preface to the First Edition and a short biographical introduction by H. M.). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/696/pg696.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Mysteries of Udolpho (Gutenberg ebook 3268). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3268/pg3268.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Monk: A Romance, by M. G. Lewis, Esq. M.P. (Gutenberg ebook 601; includes Lewis's verse Preface dated Hague, Oct. 28, 1794, and his Advertisement). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/601/pg601.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, 1818 text in three volumes (Gutenberg ebook 41445; transcribed from a photo-reprint of the 1818 edition). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/41445/pg41445.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, 1831 text with the author's new Introduction (Gutenberg ebook 42324; Colburn & Bentley, Standard Novels). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/42324/pg42324.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Vampyre; a Tale, by John William Polidori (Gutenberg ebook 6087; the 1819 book printing for Sherwood, Neely and Jones, with the 'Extract of a Letter from Geneva' and Introduction). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6087/pg6087.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Melmoth the Wanderer, Vol. 1 (Gutenberg ebook 53685; 1820 Constable/Hurst Robinson title page, Maturin's Preface dated Dublin 31 August 1820). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/53685/pg53685.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Melmoth the Wanderer, Vol. 3 (Gutenberg ebook 53687; Immalee/Isidora narrative). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/53687/pg53687.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Diary of Dr. John William Polidori, 1816, ed. William Michael Rossetti (1911); editor's Introduction reprints Polidori's letter to Colburn and 1821 press reports, with the diary entry for 17 June 1816 (Gutenberg ebook 55017). Project Gutenberg (Elkin Mathews, 1911 edition). https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/55017/pg55017.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Castle of Otranto, a story ... The fifth edition (1786), catalogue record with publication history. Sir John Soane's Museum. https://collections.soane.org/b10405 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Castle of Otranto (Peek in the Stacks). California State University Northridge, Special Collections & Archives. https://library.csun.edu/sca/peek-stacks/castle-otranto (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Walpole, Horatio or Horace, fourth Earl of Orford (1717-1797), Dictionary of National Biography text as reproduced in the Grub Street Project. Grub Street Project (reproducing DNB 1885-1900). https://www.grubstreetproject.net/people/4705/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Printing of The Mysteries of Udolpho (online exhibit). Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives. https://omeka.library.tufts.edu/exhibits/show/radcliffe-udolpho/printing (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Mysteries of Udolpho, first edition vol. 1 (catalogue record). University of Otago Library (OUR Heritage). https://ourheritage.ac.nz/items/show/11290 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Radcliffe, Ann, 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911), via Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Radcliffe,_Ann (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Ann Radcliffe (Wolverhampton British Travel Writing author record, citing ODNB). University of Wolverhampton, British Travel Writing. https://btw.wlv.ac.uk/authors/1117 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Lewis, Matthew Gregory, Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1900. Dictionary of National Biography, via Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Lewis,_Matthew_Gregory (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Lewis, Matthew Gregory (1775-1818) (includes Montague Summers, The Gothic Quest, extracts; quotes Lewis's letters of 18 May and 23 September 1794). Encyclopedia.com (Gale / Thomson Gale). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/lewis-matthew-gregory-1775-1818 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Matthew Gregory Lewis (English literature 1500-1799 biographies). Encyclopedia.com (Gale). https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/english-literature-1500-1799-biographies/matthew-gregory-lewis (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1900. Dictionary of National Biography, via Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Shelley,_Mary_Wollstonecraft (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Recent acquisition: First edition Frankenstein (1818). University of Notre Dame, Nanovic Institute / Hesburgh Libraries. https://nanovic.nd.edu/news/recent-acquisition-first-edition-frankenstein-1818/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Birth of Frankenstein (exhibition). U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/frankenstein/exhibition1.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Birth of Frankenstein (exhibition), Villa Diodati panel. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/frankenstein/carousel11.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Shelley, Frankenstein, first edition 1818 (auction lot description). Christie's. https://onlineonly.christies.com.cn/s/fine-printed-books-manuscripts-including-americana/frankenstein-119/147664 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus, first edition (dealer description). Raptis Rare Books. https://www.raptisrarebooks.com/product/frankenstein-or-the-modern-prometheus-mary-wollstonecraft-shelley-first-edition-rare/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Shelley, Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1831 (auction lot). Bonhams. https://www.bonhams.com/auction/29535/lot/31/shelley-mary-wollstonecraft-1797-1851-frankenstein-or-the-modern-prometheus-london-henry-colburn-and-richard-bentley-1831/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Frontispiece image of Frankenstein, 1831 (von Holst, engraved by Chevalier). University of Otago Library (OUR Heritage). https://ourheritage.ac.nz/items/show/10900 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Polidori, John William, Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1900. Dictionary of National Biography, via Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Polidori,_John_William (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 200 Years On, 'The Vampyre' Still Thrills. Washington University in St. Louis, Arts & Sciences. https://humanities.washu.edu/node/16816 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Vampyre; a Tale (1819 editions), dealer catalogue note. Provincial Booksellers Fairs Association (PBFA). https://www.pbfa.org/books/the-vampyre-a-tale-1 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Maturin, Charles Robert, Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1900. Dictionary of National Biography, via Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Maturin,_Charles_Robert (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Maturin, Charles R (entry). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (SFE). https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/maturin_charles_r (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Maturin, Charles Robert (1780-1824). Encyclopedia.com (Gale). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/maturin-charles-robert-1780-1824 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- 'Ragged, Livid & On Fire': the Wanderings of Melmoth at 200 (online exhibition). Marsh's Library, Dublin. https://marshlibrary.ie/?p=863 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Great Monk Controversy: Religious, Moral and Literary Criticism on The Monk, 1796-98 (undergraduate review article citing Parreaux, Peck, Macdonald and Scherf). McGill Channel Undergraduate Review. https://mcgillchannelundergraduatereview.com/2023/03/the-great-monk-controversy-religious-moral-and-literary-criticism-on-the-monk-1796-98/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- The Murders in the Rue Morgue: publication and translation history. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. https://www.eapoe.org/works/info/pt030.htm (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Varney the Vampyre; or, the Feast of Blood (Project Gutenberg ebook 14833; text of the 1847 volume edition, with transcriber's notes). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14833 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Rymer, James Malcolm, approximately 1814-1884 (Library of Congress Name Authority File n82227814). Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82227814 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Elizabeth Gaskell, The Life of Charlotte Bronte, vol. 2 (1857; Project Gutenberg ebook 1700). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1700 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Elizabeth Gaskell, The Life of Charlotte Bronte, vol. 1 (1857; Project Gutenberg ebook 1827; mentions the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey and Charlotte's biographical notice). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1827 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Agnes Grey. A novel, by Acton Bell, vol. III (London: Thomas Cautley Newby, 1847), scan bound as the third volume of the Wuthering Heights set. Internet Archive (University of Illinois copy). https://archive.org/details/wutheringheights03bron (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Wuthering Heights First Edition Facsimile (reproduced from the British Library's 1847 copy). British Library Shop. https://shop.bl.uk/products/wuthering-heights-first-edition-facsimile (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- The Woman in White (Project Gutenberg ebook 583). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/583 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- The Victorian Sensation Novel, 1860-1880 (Philip V. Allingham; cites Winifred Hughes on the Gothic roots of sensation fiction). The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/genre/sensation.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Moonstone (Project Gutenberg ebook 155). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/155 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Paul Lewis, 'Milking the Moonstone: What Wilkie Collins earned from his great detective novel' (August 2022); also notes The Woman in White trebled the profits of All the Year Round. The Wilkie Collins Society. https://wilkiecollinssociety.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2022-08-Milking-the-Moonstone.pdf (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Wilkie Collins Society Newsletter, Spring 2009 (T. S. Eliot on The Moonstone). The Wilkie Collins Society. https://wilkiecollinssociety.org/newsletter-spring-2009/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Martha Hailey DuBose, Women of Mystery (St. Martin's Press, 2000), sample text (Poe's 1841 blueprint; Collins 'the next real breakthrough'). Library of Congress (catalog enhancement). https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1109/00040240-s.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Carmilla (Project Gutenberg ebook 10007). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10007 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Dark Blue, vol. 2 no. 10, December 1871: opening instalment of 'Carmilla' by Sheridan Le Fanu (scan, p. 434 ff.). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm collection). https://archive.org/details/sim_dark-blue_1871-12_2_10 (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- The Dark Blue, vol. 2 no. 12, February 1872: third instalment of 'Carmilla', drawn by D. H. Friston (scan). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm collection). https://archive.org/details/sim_dark-blue_1872-02_2_12 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Dark Blue, vol. 3 no. 13, March 1872: final instalment of 'Carmilla' with 'Conclusion' (scan). Internet Archive (Serials in Microfilm collection). https://archive.org/details/sim_dark-blue_1872-03_3_13 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Simon Cooke, 'An Introduction to the Life and Work of J. S. Le Fanu' (bibliography lists In a Glass Darkly, 3 vols, London: Bentley 1872). The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/authors/lefanu/intro.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Simon Cooke, 'Ambiguous Alternations': A Note on Mirroring, Symmetry, Doubling and the Uncanny Effects of Le Fanu's 'Carmilla'. The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/authors/lefanu/carmilla.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Sheridan Le Fanu's haunting legacy (2014; born in Lower Dominick Street, Dublin, on August 28th; Carmilla greatly influenced Bram Stoker). The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/sheridan-le-fanu-s-haunting-legacy-1.1907652 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (ebook 43). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/43/pg43.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- A Chapter on Dreams, in Across the Plains (ebook 614). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/614/pg614.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- A Study in Scarlet (ebook 244). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/244/pg244.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- A Study in Scarlet, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/A_Study_in_Scarlet (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Sign of the Four, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/The_Sign_of_Four (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- The Final Problem, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/The_Final_Problem (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Adventure of the Empty House, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Valley of Fear, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Adventure of the Retired Colourman, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Retired_Colourman (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Shoscombe Old Place, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Shoscombe_Old_Place (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes (accessed 2026-10-09)
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- Edgar Allan Poe, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia (collects Doyle's statements on Poe and Dupin, 1892 to 1930). Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Article by Clare Clarke (Trinity College Dublin) on the Holmes stories and Victorian detective fiction. Scroll.in. https://scroll.in/article/1013912/scroll_in (accessed 2026-10-09)
- A Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Chronology. The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/authors/doyle/chronology.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Death of Conan Doyle (Midland Daily Telegraph, 7 July 1930). Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/Death_of_Conan_Doyle (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Borrowed Sins (account of the Lippincott dinner, quoting Doyle's diary and Stoddart's letter of 30 August 1889). Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/Borrowed_Sins (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/Lippincott%27s_Monthly_Magazine (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Arthur Conan Doyle and Oscar Wilde (account of the Langham dinner). CrimeReads. https://crimereads.com/arthur-conan-doyle-oscar-wilde/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Picture of Dorian Gray (ebook 174; Preface and 20 chapters). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/174/pg174.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, Vol. 46, July 1890: The Picture of Dorian Gray (13 chapters; J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia; copyright Melville Philips 1890). Wikisource (transcription of the magazine). https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lippincott's_Monthly_Magazine/Volume_46/July_1890/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Picture of Dorian Gray, first edition (Ward, Lock, April 1891), with Lippincott's first-appearance notes; dealer description. Bauman Rare Books. https://www.baumanrarebooks.com/rare-books/wilde-oscar/picture-of-dorian-gray/112380.aspx (accessed 2026-10-09)
- In search of the real 'Dorian Gray' (review of Frankel's annotated, uncensored edition). The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/85609/oscar-wilde-dorian-gray (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Oscar Wilde Chronology. The Victorian Web. https://victorianweb.org/authors/wilde/wildetl.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Oscar Wilde, biography. Academy of American Poets (poets.org). https://poets.org/poet/oscar-wilde (accessed 2026-10-09)
- A Literary Terrorist (on Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer and its legacy). Dublin Review of Books. https://drb.ie/?p=3430 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Great God Pan (ebook 389). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/389/pg389.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Great God Pan and The Inmost Light (Boston: Roberts Bros., 1894; London: John Lane), scanned title page and text. Internet Archive (University of Toronto copy). https://archive.org/download/greatgodpanandin00machuoft/greatgodpanandin00machuoft_djvu.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Machen, Arthur (entry in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction). SF Encyclopedia. https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/machen_arthur (accessed 2026-10-09)
- 'The Great God Pan' (1894), Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Fantasy and Horror Fiction notes. jessnevins.com. http://jessnevins.com/victoriana/greatgodpan.html (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Cover for 'The Great God Pan and the Inmost Light', Keynotes Series vol. V, design by Aubrey Beardsley (E.390-1899). Victoria and Albert Museum. https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O901594 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Aubrey Beardsley's Keynotes. John Coulthart (feuilleton). https://johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2015/04/17/aubrey-beardsleys-keynotes (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Machen, Arthur (1863-1947), Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. https://biography.wales/article/s2-MACH-ART-1863 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Arthur Machen biography. The Friends of Arthur Machen. https://arthurmachen.org.uk/biography/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dracula (ebook 345). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/345/pg345.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Copyright registration form for Bram Stoker's Dracula (COPY 1/1108). The National Archives (UK). https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/stories/copyright-registration-form-for-bram-stokers-dracula/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Dracula, or The Un-Dead: Bram and the Guvnor. Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. https://shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/blogs/dracula-or-un-dead-bram-and-guvnor-sbt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Bram Stoker (1847-1912), by Jarlath Killeen. Trinity Writers, Trinity College Dublin. https://www.tcd.ie/trinitywriters/writers/bram-stoker/ (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Banishing the Beast: The Role of the Wolf in 'Dracula's Guest' and Its Omission from Dracula (Franck and Beresford), Supernatural Studies vol. 2 no. 2. Supernatural Studies. https://www.supernaturalstudies.com/previous-journal-issues/vol-2-issue-2/franck-and-beresford (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Possible Influence of Wilkie Collins on Bram Stoker, by Katherine Haynes (1997). The Wilkie Collins Society. https://wilkiecollinssociety.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/1997-04-Influence-of-WC-on-Bram-Stoker.pdf (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Beetle: A Mystery (ebook 5164). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5164/pg5164.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Introduction to The Beetle: A Mystery by Richard Marsh, by Minna Vuohelainen (Valancourt Books, 2008, pp. vii-xxx), accepted version. City Research Online, City, University of London. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/19141/1/Vuohelainen%20The%20Beetle%20Introduction.pdf (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Hound of the Baskervilles (ebook 2852). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/2852/pg2852.txt (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Hound of the Baskervilles, Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Time Machine (Project Gutenberg ebook #35). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Island of Doctor Moreau (Project Gutenberg ebook #159). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/159 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance (Project Gutenberg ebook #5230). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5230 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The War of the Worlds (Project Gutenberg ebook #36). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Turn of the Screw (Project Gutenberg ebook #209). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/209 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Two Magics: The Turn of the Screw, Covering End (Project Gutenberg ebook #42486; title page: New York, The Macmillan Company, 1898). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42486 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Heart of Darkness (Project Gutenberg ebook #219). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/219 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Phantom of the Opera, English translation of Le Fantome de l'Opera (Project Gutenberg ebook #175; translator not named on the Gutenberg page). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/175 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The phantom of the opera, illustrated by Andre Castaigne (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, copyright 1911 Bobbs-Merrill; scan, includes a Translator's Note but no translator name). Internet Archive (Harold B. Lee Library, BYU). https://archive.org/details/phantomofopera00lero (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The two magics. The turn of the screw, Covering End (London: W. Heinemann, 1898; 'First English edition'). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/turnofthescrew00jamerich (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Wells, H G (Science Fiction Encyclopedia entry). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (SFE Ltd). https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/wells_h_g (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Wells, H. G. (1866-1946), BnF authority record. Bibliotheque nationale de France. https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119290531 (accessed 2026-10-09)
- James, Henry (1843-1916), BnF authority record. Bibliotheque nationale de France. https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908544s (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Conrad, Joseph (1857-1924), BnF authority record. Bibliotheque nationale de France. https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11997587p (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Leroux, Gaston (1868-1927), BnF authority record. Bibliotheque nationale de France. https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912592d (accessed 2026-10-09)
- Gaston Leroux (EBSCO Research Starters). EBSCO. https://ebsco.com/research-starters/literature-and-writing/gaston-leroux (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The Island of Doctor Moreau (Gale 'Novels for Students' entry, citing Philmus, Bowen, Bergonzi). Encyclopedia.com / Gale. https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/academic-and-educational-journals/island-doctor-moreau (accessed 2026-10-09)
- The War of the Worlds: a closer look. Surrey County Council, Surrey History Centre. https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/history-centre/marvels/the-war-of-the-worlds-a-closer-look (accessed 2026-10-09)
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